Sulfur nutrition is crucial for plant growth and development, as well as crop yield and quality. APS2 is involved in step 1 of the subpathway that synthesizes sulfite from sulfate.
Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H2O, generating O2 and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation.
The chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) complex is involved in photosystem I (PSI) cyclic and chlororespiratory electron transport in higher plants. NDHD is a subunit of the NDH complex.
APX3 is a microsomal ascorbate peroxidase.There are eight types of APX have been described for Arabidopsis: three cytosolic (APX1, APX2, APX6), two chloroplastic types (stromal sAPX, thylakoid tAPX), and three microsomal (APX3, APX4, APX5) isoforms. The APX3 protein interacts with AKR2, AFT1, a 14-3-3 protein.
VTE3, ALBINO OR PALE GREEN MUTANT 1, APG1, E37, IEP37, INNER ENVELOPE PROTEIN 37, VITAMIN E DEFECTIVE 3
Background:
VTE3 is a MPBQ/MSBQ methyltransferase located in the chloroplast inner envelope membrane. It is involved in a key methylation step in both tocopherols (vitamin E) and plastoquinone synthesis.
Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyzes a reversible NAD(+)-dependent-dehydrogenase reaction involved in central metabolism and redox homeostasis between organelle compartments.